Kalimat Subject & Object

KALIMAT SUBJECT
Kalimat Subject dapat berupa :
1. Subject pronouns, yaitu kata ganti (pronoun) yang khusus digunakan sebagai subject kalimat, seperti I, you, he, she, it, we, dan they.
Contoh kalimat :
1. I am reading this article now.
2. You have been very helpful to me.
3. He told us to stay out of troubles.
4. She was in my dream last night.
5. It is growing well even though I never take care of it.
6. We, students, must study hard to accomplish what we want to be.
7. They felt bad because their cousin had got an accident.
2. Single nouns, yaitu noun (kata benda) yang terdiri dari satu kata.
Contoh kalimat :
1. Coffee is delicious.
2. Milk contains a lot of calcium.
3. Soekarno was the first president of the Republic of Indonesia.
4. Plants need water and fertilizers to grow well.
5. Books are more and more expensive now.
3. Noun phrases, yaitu sekelompok kata yang diakhiri oleh noun.
Contoh kalimat :
1. The book is on the table.
2. That new, red car is John’s.
3. The English teacher cancelled class today.
4. The dead body that was found last night has been brought home by the family.
4. Noun clauses adalah clause (i.e. subject dan verb) yang diawali oleh single question words (i.e. when, how, what, ect.), question words + (determiners/ nouns/ adjectives/ infinitive/ adverbs), question words + infinitives, conjunction (i.e. whether dan if), dan that/the fact that.
Contoh kalimat :
1. Where she is now is still unknown.
2. Whoever can melt her feeling is a very lucky guy.
3. How much your English skill will improve is determined by how hard you practice it.
4. That it is going to rain soon is very obvious.
5. The fact that the world is round is well known.
5. Gerunds (i.e. verb1+ing). Jika gerund digunakan sebagai subject kalimat, verb-nya selalu dalam bentuk singular. Tapi, jika dua gerund atau lebih dihubungkan oleh kata sambung “and“, maka digunakan plural verb (lihat contoh 5 di bawah).
Contoh kalimat :
1. Gardening is very exciting.
2. Reading this material will help you increase your English skill.
3. Hunting wild pigs has been done by Balinese farmers for years.
4. Knowing English well has made Ryan have great experiences in Canada
5. Writing and speaking English make me happy.
6. Infinitives (i.e. to + verb1). Infinitives sebagai subject kalimat pada umumnya dalam bentuk infinitive clause.
Contoh kalimat :
1. To play kites when it’s very cloudy is very dangerous.
2. To study the grammar is a must if you want to improve your English.
3. To play football when drizzling is very joyful.
4. To be able to be your boyfriend is my fantasy.
5. To pass the exam is my main intention.
7. Pseudo-subjects. Sebuah kalimat kadang-kadang tidak memiliki subject dalam arti yang sebenarnya. Kalimat-kalimat seperti ini menggunakan pseudo-subject it dan there. Note: dalam hal ini, it bukan subject pronoun. Selain itu, this/that/these/those jika langsung diikuti oleh be, juga termasuk pseudo-subject.
Contoh kalimat :
1. It was a nice day yesterday but it isn’t now.
2. There were 9 casualties on the Australian Embassy bombing.
3. It has been a long day. I’m so tired.
4. There are so many people. It is very crowded.
5. This is the book that I have been looking for for days.


KALIMAT OBJECT
Kalimat Object atau complement berfungsi untuk melengkapi predicate atau verb. Letak object kalimat adalah setelah kata kerja. Kalimat Object adalah menjawab pertanyaan ‘what’ (apa) dan ‘whom’ (siapa). Hampir semua yang dapat digunakan sebagai kalimat subject, juga dapat digunakan sebagai kalimat object. Perkecualianya hanya pada bentuk pronoun (i.e. dari subject pronoun menjadi objeck pronoun atau reciprocal pronoun), dan kata there. Jika kata there berada setelah verb, there berfungsi sebagai modifier.
Jadi, pada umumnya kalimat object dapat berupa:
1. Single nouns
1. We need lime to reduce soil acidity.
2. I usually add lime on my meat ball soup.
3. Plants absorb water and nutrients from soil.
4. She saw John at the movie last night.
2. Noun phrases
1. My father drives an old car.
2. He wants to drink some water.
3. John bought a new laptop yesterday.
3. Noun clauses
1. I still don’t know how to make her fall in love with me.
2. It seems that she is studying hard.
3. They haven’t decided what they should do.
4. Object pronouns
1. Do you love her?
2. He sent me his pictures.
3. We will invite them.

5. Reciprocal pronouns
1. My sister cut herself.
2. That arrogant man is very proud of himself.
3. You all take care of yourselves.
6. Infinitives
1. The doctors have decided to operate the patient.
2. We need to go out to buy some food.
3. Marini began to write a poem.
7. Gerunds
1. The boy hasn’t admitted stealing my calculator.
2. My cousin regretted not coming here.
3. We are looking forward to your coming back to this blog soon.